How Are You in Spanish

In Spanish, like in English, several ways exist to ask someone how they are. From formal to informal situations, it is the context that determines which phrase or expression will be the most suitable:

Neutral ways to ask “how are you”Formal ways to ask “how are you”Informal ways to ask “how are you”
¿Cómo estás?
How are you?
¿Cómo le va?
How are you?
¿Qué cuentas?
What's up?
¿Qué tal?
How’s it going?
¿Cómo está (usted)?
How are you?
¿Cómo andas?
How are you doing?
¿Cómo va?
How are you doing?
¿Cómo se encuentra?
How are you feeling?
¿Todo bien?
Everything OK?
¿Cómo están tus cosas?
How are things?
¿Cómo le ha ido?
How have you been?
¿Qué onda?
What’s up?
¿Cómo estás hoy?
How are you today?
¿Cómo ha estado?
How have you been?
¿Qué hay de nuevo?
What’s new?
¿Y tú?
How about you?
¿Está usted bien?
Are you all right?
¿En qué andas?
What are you up to?

Quick tip: As happens with set phrases in almost every language, “how are you” expressions in Spanish are unvarying, and therefore cannot be modified or altered.

How to say “how are you” in Spanish

Just like English, Spanish has several different ways to ask “how are you?” that are suitable in all contexts and situations:

1. ¿Cómo estás? / How are you?

This is the most common way to say “how are you” in Spanish, and can be used in all types of contexts, whether formal or informal. This expression is always appropriate.

—¡Hola! ¿Cómo estás?
Hello! How are you?
—Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
Fine, thanks. And you?

Related expressions: ¿Cómo estás hoy? (How are you today?), ¿Cómo vas? (How are you doing?), and the plural forms ¿Cómo están? and ¿Cómo estáis?, both meaning “How are you”, the latter of which is used only in Spain.

2. ¿Qué tal? / How’s it going?

Though a stand-alone phrase, it is usually used in combination with ¿Cómo estas? o ¿Cómo vas?

—¡Hola! ¿Qué tal? ¿Cómo estás?
Hi! How’s it going?
—Muy bien, ¿y tú?
Very well, thanks, and you?

Related expressions: ¿Cómo vas? How are you doing?

3. ¿Cómo va? / How are you doing?

This expression is equivalent to: ¿Cómo vas?

—¡Carlos! ¿Cómo va?
Carlos! How are you?
—Todo bien. ¿Cómo te encuentras tú?
Everything’s going fine. How are you?

Related expressions: ¿Cómo van tus cosas? (How are things?) ¿Cómo va todo? (How's everything going?)

4. ¿Y tú? / And you?

This expression is used for politeness to mirror the listener’s question and avoid repetition.

—¡Buen día! ¿Cómo estás?
Good morning! How are you?
—Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
Fine, thanks. And you?

Related expressions: ¿Qué hay de ti? (How about you?)

Formal ways to say “how are you” in Spanish

Formal contexts and situations call for more formal ways to address the listener, particularly when the usted pronoun (formal “you”) is used, or when social distance is required:

1. ¿Cómo está (usted)? / How are you? (formal)

This formal expression is reserved for formal to very formal situations. It can be used to really mean “how are you?” if the speaker has met the listener before, or as a first meeting greeting meaning “how do you do”. The conjugation está signals the usted pronoun, and can therefore be omitted. Nevertheless, the usted pronoun may appear in the question to emphasize its formality:

¿Cómo está usted? Encantado.
How are you? Nice to meet you.
—Igualmente. Un gusto.
Nice to meet you, too. A pleasure.

Related expressions: ¿Cómo le va? (How are you?, How do you do?)

2. ¿Cómo se encuentra? / How are you doing? (formal)

This question is used to ask about someone’s health or state formally:

—¿Cómo se encuentra hoy, señora Robinson? ¿Está un poco mejor?
How are you today, Mrs. Robinson? Are you any better?
—Un poco mejor, gracias.
A little better, thank you.

Related expressions: ¿Cómo ha estado? (How have you been?), ¿Cómo le ha ido? (How have you been?), ¿Está usted bien? (Are you all right?)

Informal ways to say “how are you” in Spanish

Casual contexts require more informal expressions. Otherwise, the speaker may sound odd and out of place:

1. ¿Cómo andas? / How are you doing?

This expression is used in informal and neutral contexts as a synonym of ¿Cómo estás?

—¡Hola! ¿Cómo andas?
Hi! How are you doing?
—Todo bien por aquí. ¿Y tú?
Everything all right over here. What about you?

Related expression: ¿Cómo te va? (How are you doing?)

2. ¿Qué cuentas? / What’s up?

Besides actually asking how someone is, the expression is directed at finding out more about what the listener has been doing:

—¡Qué gusto verte, José! ¿Qué cuentas?
Great seeing you, José! What’s up?
—¡Hola, amigo! Todo bien, ¿y tú?
Hey, buddy! All good, and you?

Related expressions: ¿Qué hay de nuevo? (What’s new?), ¿Cómo va todo? (How’s everything going?)

3. ¿Todo bien? / Everything OK?

Though literally translated as “Everything OK?”, this expression has a similar meaning to ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?) and is used in the same contexts.

—¡Hola, Margarita! ¿Todo bien?
Hi, Margarita! Everything OK?
—¡Súper! ¿Y tú? ¿Cómo estás?
Great! And you? How’s it going?

Related expressions: ¿Todo en orden? (Everything fine?), ¿Todo tranquilo? (Everything alright?)

4. ¿Qué es de tu vida? / How’s your life?

This expression can be used as a greeting when two friends or acquaintances have not seen each other for a long time. It is an invitation to catch up.

—¡Victoria! ¡Qué bueno verte, tanto tiempo! ¿Qué es de tu vida?
Victoria! Great to see you, long time no see! How’s your life?
—¡Hola María, qué gusto! Yo estoy muy bien, trabajando en el mismo lugar. ¿Qué hay de ti?
Hello María, good to see you too! I'm really fine, still working at the same place.

Related expressions: ¿Cómo te trata la vida? (How’s life treating you?), ¿En qué andas? (What are you up to?)

A large number of other expressions exist that are part of Spanish slang. These expressions constitute regionalisms, that is, local ways of expression characteristic of a certain place that may not be understood outside that area or region.

Some of the most common slang expressions in Spanish meaning “How are you?” or “What’s up?” are:

¿Qué se cuenta? (Argentina)

¿Qué se dice? (Argentina)

¿Qué hubo? (Colombia, Panama)

Quiubo (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador)

¿Qué hay, tío? (Spain)

How to respond to “how are you” in Spanish

While the most common response to “how are you?” may be Bien, gracias (“Fine, thank you”), several other ways exist. Formal answers are typically longer and less straightforward than their informal counterparts, which are straightforward to the point of being laconic.

Neutral ways to respond to “how are you”

Bien, gracias, ¿y tú?
Fine, thanks, and you?

Bien. ¿Y tú?, qué tal?
Very well. And you? How are you doing?

Muy bien, gracias. ¿Cómo estás tú?
Very well, thank you. How are you?

Muy bien, ¿y tú cómo vas?
Very well. And what about you?

Mejor. Muchas gracias.
Better. Thank you.

Mucho mejor, gracias a Dios.
Much better, thank God.

Podría estar mejor.
I could be better.

En verdad no muy bien.
Not very well, really.

Formal ways to respond to “how are you”

Estoy muy bien. ¿Y usted?
I am very well. And you?

Muy bien, muchas gracias, ¿Cómo está usted?
Very well, thank you very much. And how are you?

Bien, gracias. ¿Y usted cómo se encuentra?
Well, thank you. How are you?

Todo está en orden, gracias.
Everything is fine, thank you.

Estoy muy bien, gracias. Espero que usted también esté bien.
I’m very well, thank you. I hope you are well too.

Muy bien. Gracias por preguntar.
Very well. Thank you for asking.

Me siento un poco mejor. Muchas gracias.
Thank you so much. I feel a little better.

Me encuentro muy bien, le agradezco su preocupación.
I am very well, thank you for your concern.

Informal ways to respond to “how are you”

Todo bien.
All good.

Todo bárbaro por acá.
Everything’s great over here.

Súper bien, ¿y tú?
Great, and you?

De maravilla.
Everything's great.

Bastante bien.
Quite good.

Más o menos.
More or less.

Pésimo.
Lousy.

Como siempre.
As always.

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References

  • Oxford Spanish Dictionary 3rd edition on CD-ROM, Oxford University Press, accessed July 23, 2024
  • Wordreference.com, accessed July 23, 2024,  https://www.wordreference.com/
  • Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, Diccionario de americanismos Online, accessed July 23, 2024, https://www.asale.org/

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Gary, Marilina (October 2, 2024). How Are You in Spanish. Encyclopedia of the Spanish Language. https://lenguaje.com/en/how-are-you-in-spanish/.

About The Author

Author: Marilina Gary

Degree in English Language Teaching (Juan XXIII Institute of Higher Education, Bahía Blanca, Argentina).

Last updated: October 2, 2024

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